Black mould is a type of fungus that not causes degradation to decorated and plastered finishes in homes and commercial properties, but can also pose the risk of serious health problems. Due to changes in the way we insulate, ventilate, and heat our homes, black mould has become increasingly prevalent, and a huge problem for many. It is essential for homeowners to be aware of its characteristics, causes, and effective methods of elimination in order to prevent the problem growing and becoming unmanageable.

We’ve put together this guide to help you understand the nature of black mould and its potential health hazards, and to provide actionable steps to get rid of it.

What is black mould?
Black mould is a species of mould that appears as a dark greenish-black slimy substance, often accompanied by a musty odour. The two black moulds most commonly found in homes are Cladosporium and Alternaria fungi. Another common black mould is Stachybotrys chartarum, which releases mycotoxins that are harmful to humans when inhaled or if they come into contact with the skin. While not all types of black mould produce mycotoxins, it is essential to treat any black mould infestation seriously due to the potential health risks involved.

How does black mould affect your health?
Exposure to black mould can have various adverse health effects, especially for individuals with allergies, respiratory issues, or compromised immune systems. The most common health risks associated with black mould exposure tend to be with the respiratory system. Inhaling mould spores can lead to respiratory problems such as coughing, wheezing, and throat irritation. Individuals with asthma, COPD or other chronic respiratory conditions may experience worsened symptoms and should take extra care.

Even in those who are otherwise healthy, mould can cause allergic reactions. These may include sneezing, a runny or blocked nose, red eyes, and skin rashes. Those with specific mould allergies may be more susceptible to these symptoms, and such allergies may come on at any age. Prolonged exposure to mould can even cause persistent headaches, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating. This can have an impact on overall wellbeing over long periods.

What causes black mould?
Understanding the causes of black mould is key to preventing its growth and spread. It’s important to be able to get to the source of each case of black mould in order to tackle it, and ensure it doesn’t return. Essentially, black mould thrives in environments with excessive moisture levels. This can happen for several reasons in a home or commercial property, including maintenance issues such as leaky roofs or walls, plumbing issues, and flood damage.

However, the most common cause for black mould is condensation due to poor ventilation. Inadequate ventilation in homes means trapped moisture, creating an environment conducive to mould growth. Kitchens, bathrooms, and basements are particularly vulnerable areas, as steam builds up from cooking, showers, and baths. The water vapour in the air is then attracted to cold surfaces such as exterior walls and windows, then forms condensation as it cools, providing the moisture needed for mould growth.

How can you identify black mould?
Recognising black mould in your home is crucial for timely remediation, but fortunately it is easy to spot. You’ll most likely first notice the visible growth of black mould, which appears as a slimy, dark greenish-black substance. It may form in patches or spread across surfaces, often around the edges of windows, on exterior walls, and in corners of damp rooms. You will likely also be able to recognise it from the musty odour it is often accompanied by. In general, if you notice an unpleasant, earthy smell, it could be an indication of mould or damp.

It’s also important to keep an eye out for early warning signs, including areas that could become conducive to mould growth. Stains on walls, ceilings, or floors can be indicative of water leaks or moisture issues, which can become breeding grounds for black mould. Another sign is if residents in your home begin to experience persistent respiratory issues or allergic reactions, which could be another sign of mould infestation.

How can you get rid of black mould?
Once black mould is identified, it’s important to deal with it immediately, both in order to stop the issue from getting any worse and to ensure your health is not put at risk. It’s essential to take precautions as you deal with black mould though, so if in doubt, seek professional advice. For extensive mould problems or if you have health concerns, it is always advisable to seek professional mould remediation services. Certified professionals have the expertise and equipment to handle large-scale mould problems safely.

Here are the steps to take if you’ve discovered a contained area of black mould:

Safety first
Before attempting mould removal, ensure your safety by wearing protective clothing including gloves, goggles, and a mask which covers your nose and mouth to avoid inhaling mould spores.

Isolate the area
Seal off the affected area to prevent mould spores from spreading to other parts of your home. Close doors, and if necessary use plastic sheeting and tape to create a barrier.

Address the moisture source
Identify and the source of moisture that has caused the mould growth and deal with it. Repair leaks, improve ventilation, and address any water damage promptly.

Remove contaminated materials
Safely and responsibly discard items that cannot be salvaged, such as porous materials like wallpaper, carpets, plasterboard, and any insulation that is extensively contaminated.

Clean surfaces
Use a mixture of water and mild detergent to clean non-porous surfaces. For more stubborn mould, use a solution of white vinegar, as the acidity slowly breaks down the structure of mould and kills it. Alternatively, use a paste made with water and bicarbonate of soda, which has a high pH that inhibits the growth and survival of mould.

Prevent future growth
Allow the area to completely dry before attempting any redecoration, and utilise a dehumidifier if possible. Never simply paint over mould as it will only continue to grow underneath the paint, which will eventually peel away. Implement measures to prevent future mould growth by maintaining proper ventilation, addressing water leaks promptly, and controlling humidity levels in your home.

As we always say, prevention is better than cure, and this is especially true in the case of black mould, which requires proactive measures to eliminate. By understanding its causes, recognising the signs, and taking prompt action, homeowners can protect their health and preserve the structural integrity of their homes. However, when dealing with extensive mould problems or if you have health concerns, it’s crucial to consult with professionals to ensure a thorough and safe remediation process. Taking these steps will contribute to a healthier living environment and a home free from the dangers of black mould.